Building on Peter’s post on textual scholarship in India, I’ve been searching for material since our workshop on Tuesday, trying to find data similar to the Great Plains project or the Vision of Britain website.
Scholars at the University of Tokyo are doing some very interesting work on HGIS for India: Ippei Sekido, “Historical GIS Materials for South Asia Studies in The University of Tokyo,” Journal of Urban and Rural Studies on Contemporary India 5, no. 2 https://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/hindas/PDF/jurci/5_2/02_sekido.pdf
They are using geographic data from a commercial provider: https://www.mlinfomap.com/Main/indiamaps.html
The Digital Library for South Asian Studies at the University of Chicago has a lot of statistics for the 19th century through to 1920. https://www.mlinfomap.com/Main/indiamaps.html They also have some digital maps, but they are not very high resolution.
The Internet Archive has a lot of Indian Census documents: https://archive.org/search.php?query=census%20india
Finally, the Census of India has a beta version of a digital library: http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx
What am I missing? Please add links in the comments section.